{
 "id": "speculum-musicae-602c2d32",
 "name": "Speculum Musicae",
 "kind": "group",
 "disambiguation": null,
 "identifiers": {
  "mbid": [
   "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38"
  ],
  "wikidata": [
   "Q7575350"
  ],
  "isni": [
   "0000000115547701"
  ],
  "discogs": [
   "754130"
  ]
 },
 "aliases": [
  "Ensemble 'Speculum Musicæ'",
  "Members Of Speculum Musicae",
  "Members of Speculum Musicae",
  "Speculum Musicae Of New York",
  "Speculum Musicae String Quartet"
 ],
 "facts": {
  "area": {
   "status": "single_source",
   "values": [
    {
     "value": "United States",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "489ce91b-6658-3307-9877-795b68554c98"
    }
   ]
  },
  "award": {
   "status": "single_source",
   "values": [
    {
     "value": "Laurel Leaf Award",
     "source": "wikidata",
     "source_record": "Q7575350",
     "retrieved": "2026-11-08",
     "ref": "Q6499900",
     "source_cites_reference": false
    }
   ]
  },
  "begin_date": {
   "status": "multi_source",
   "values": [
    {
     "value": "1971",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "precision": "year"
    },
    {
     "value": "1971",
     "source": "wikidata",
     "source_record": "Q7575350",
     "retrieved": "2026-11-08",
     "precision": "year",
     "source_cites_reference": true
    }
   ]
  },
  "begin_place": {
   "status": "multi_source",
   "values": [
    {
     "value": "New York",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "74e50e58-5deb-4b99-93a2-decbb365c07f"
    },
    {
     "value": "New York City",
     "source": "wikidata",
     "source_record": "Q7575350",
     "retrieved": "2026-11-08",
     "ref": "Q60",
     "source_cites_reference": false
    }
   ]
  },
  "country": {
   "status": "multi_source",
   "values": [
    {
     "value": "US",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24"
    },
    {
     "value": "United States",
     "source": "wikidata",
     "source_record": "Q7575350",
     "retrieved": "2026-11-08",
     "ref": "Q30",
     "source_cites_reference": false
    }
   ]
  },
  "description": {
   "status": "single_source",
   "values": [
    {
     "value": "American chamber ensemble",
     "source": "wikidata",
     "source_record": "Q7575350",
     "retrieved": "2026-11-08"
    }
   ]
  },
  "has_member": {
   "status": "multi_source",
   "values": [
    {
     "value": "Richard Fitz",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "60797c3d-a4ca-4f3d-86a9-db03fb9547b5",
     "begin": "1971",
     "attributes": [
      "original",
      "percussion"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Ursula Oppens",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "8e4ddae7-8e22-4b80-bfa7-1a1e8bcfc43e",
     "begin": "1971",
     "attributes": [
      "original",
      "piano"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Fred Sherry",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "4c96dced-f942-45d4-8028-43d54e599647",
     "begin": "1971",
     "attributes": [
      "cello",
      "original"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "James Baker",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "ade21efb-a12f-4799-928d-ea9bc89c23f8",
     "attributes": [
      "percussion"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Eric Bartlett",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "bfdd8d53-e270-4f90-8bb9-23be802e6a51",
     "attributes": [
      "cello"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Virgil Blackwell",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "816bfec2-3575-407b-b3f4-7a1d7a954a1f",
     "attributes": [
      "clarinet"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Allen Blustine",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "6f412b67-b326-4784-99b3-f625248f4b26",
     "attributes": [
      "clarinet"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Erik Charlston",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "97a7dc02-1349-4ab3-9970-cc171506e48d",
     "attributes": [
      "percussion"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Daniel Druckman",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "0348fd29-8c85-4c47-bb3e-d05ed0f5bf3c",
     "attributes": [
      "percussion"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Paul Lustig Dunkel",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "3bb49c5d-2da7-4d16-83f0-9d863c55f2fc",
     "attributes": [
      "flute"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "André Emelianoff",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "3919c4f8-c23f-4106-9f70-bc63810387b8",
     "attributes": [
      "cello"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "John Graham",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "7c71b642-cc47-4faa-b40f-e31e13090ec9",
     "attributes": [
      "viola"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Aleck Karis",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "7334af08-4661-4f11-bceb-d10fce58d257",
     "attributes": [
      "piano"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Karen Lindquist",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "445ffb20-53f1-4d35-8404-e48813b9bf23",
     "attributes": [
      "harp"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Donald MacCourt",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "d8cec395-9321-4dac-a5ef-c884b5768f57",
     "attributes": [
      "bassoon"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Joel Marangella",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "bc83ad1e-82bc-4785-90c5-230d8601e3b4",
     "attributes": [
      "oboe"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Christopher Oldfather",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "b94ec159-30eb-4770-9d4a-5e35e00171fa",
     "attributes": [
      "piano"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Susan Palma‐Nidel",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "8fd12c6f-91dd-4448-a74a-91485fdb0df5",
     "attributes": [
      "flute"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Donald Palma",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "b71a0c79-84e5-4a25-98d4-199e4836ff9b",
     "attributes": [
      "double bass"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Rolf Schulte",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "ef8ae5a3-8ee9-467e-a030-e79c18ae728f",
     "attributes": [
      "violin"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Stacey Shames",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "fac8959c-8ff3-4181-9428-d325e2182194",
     "attributes": [
      "harp"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Donald Sinta",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "c4137f33-f1fd-4cd6-99a7-a88240e2c540",
     "attributes": [
      "saxophone"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "David Starobin",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "e9c77e3b-46c8-4ab8-aa08-5ac65d62393c",
     "attributes": [
      "classical guitar"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Stephen Taylor",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "7389a26f-cf9e-443d-a717-10f537e2335f",
     "attributes": [
      "oboe"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "Curtis Macomber",
     "source": "musicbrainz",
     "source_record": "602c2d32-a92f-4c97-87cf-8980765f8f38",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-24",
     "ref": "1351aabf-4b6a-4889-8de7-fbb719ea99a0",
     "ended": true,
     "attributes": [
      "violin"
     ]
    },
    {
     "value": "David Starobin",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:65814",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "John Moses",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:323124",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "John Graham (2)",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:326635",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Maureen Gallagher",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:363968",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Lois Martin",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:363970",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Stephen Taylor (2)",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:373842",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Allen Blustine",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:373845",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Stewart Rose",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:373853",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Lauren Goldstein",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:491433",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Joe Passaro",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:491443",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Aleck Karis",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:521548",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Carol Zeavin",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:563316",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Benjamin Hudson",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:563317",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Stephen Burns",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:570130",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "William Purvis",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:576420",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Susan Palma",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:577163",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Virgil Blackwell",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:632036",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Donald Palma",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:646524",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Donald MacCourt",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:681428",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Tim Smith (10)",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:682421",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Marji Danilow",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:719167",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Oren Fader",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:750461",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "James Winn",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:977105",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "James Baker (4)",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:978960",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Curtis Macomber",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:978969",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Daniel Druckman",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:978975",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Ronald Roseman",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:1021962",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Eric Bartlett",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:1140377",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Julie Feves",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:1489483",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Jonathan Taylor (3)",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:1531709",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Robert Yamins",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:1826242",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Raymond Mase",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:2271488",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Yann Ghiro",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:2601521",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Michael Powell (7)",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:3205188",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Dennis James (11)",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:6674913",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    },
    {
     "value": "Mike Ross (24)",
     "source": "discogs",
     "source_record": "754130",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "ref": "discogs:6882541",
     "data_quality": "Needs Vote"
    }
   ]
  }
 },
 "discography": [],
 "links": [
  {
   "kind": "VIAF",
   "url": "http://viaf.org/viaf/159655277"
  },
  {
   "kind": "allmusic",
   "url": "https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0001643583"
  },
  {
   "kind": "discogs",
   "url": "https://www.discogs.com/artist/754130"
  },
  {
   "kind": "discogs listed",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculum_Musicae"
  },
  {
   "kind": "discogs listed",
   "url": "https://speculummusicae.wordpress.com/"
  },
  {
   "kind": "other databases",
   "url": "http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81119296"
  },
  {
   "kind": "other databases",
   "url": "https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140375321"
  },
  {
   "kind": "other databases",
   "url": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1099293-5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "other databases",
   "url": "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81119296"
  },
  {
   "kind": "wikidata",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575350"
  },
  {
   "kind": "wikipedia",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculum_Musicae"
  }
 ],
 "citation": {
  "canonical_url": "https://musiciandictionary.com/artist/speculum-musicae-602c2d32",
  "cite_as": "Speculum Musicae, Musician Dictionary, https://musiciandictionary.com/artist/speculum-musicae-602c2d32",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): free to use with credit",
  "sources": [
   {
    "name": "musicbrainz",
    "dump": "20261024-001001",
    "date": "2026-10-24",
    "license": "CC0 1.0 (core data; supplementary fields removed)"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-10-28T151314",
    "date": "2026-10-28",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-10-29T161131",
    "date": "2026-10-29",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "discogs",
    "dump": "20261001",
    "date": "2026-10-01",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-10-29T182648",
    "date": "2026-10-29",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-10-30T103005",
    "date": "2026-10-30",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-10-31T103005",
    "date": "2026-10-31",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-11-01T113005",
    "date": "2026-11-01",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-11-02T113003",
    "date": "2026-11-02",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-11-03T113003",
    "date": "2026-11-03",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-11-04T113007",
    "date": "2026-11-04",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-11-05T113005",
    "date": "2026-11-05",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-11-06T113005",
    "date": "2026-11-06",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-11-07T113005",
    "date": "2026-11-07",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   },
   {
    "name": "wikidata",
    "dump": "2026-11-08T113005",
    "date": "2026-11-08",
    "license": "CC0 1.0"
   }
  ]
 }
}